LESSON 6- USING AND EVALUATING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

                  Field Trip is one of the instructional materials used to attain instructional objectives. It is not enough to bring the class out for a field trip and make them observe anything or everything or use other instructional materials for no preparation and clear reason at all. The materials used must have a true picture of the ideas presented. The material must have a meaningful content of the topic study. The material must be alligned to the curriculum standards and competencies. The material must be culture and grades must be sensitive. The material must have culture bias. The material must be appropriate for the age,intelligence and experience of the learners. The physical condition of the material must be satisfactory. There is a teacher's guide to provide a briefing for effective use. There must be a question material to help students think better and develop their critical faculties. Exposure to mass media is highly important to maintain and strengthen rational powers. The use of material should be make of help to collaborate with one another. The material must have promote self-study. The material should be time worthy,expense and effortly involve.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                This lesson is more comprehinsible. Since it involve materials,how to evaluate instructional materials. Teachers must have a good idea of their objectives so that they can set effective materials to be presented to the class so that students learned more skills or knowledge pertaining to the topic or lesson. For instance,doing a class field trip is not as easy and quick step to come forward. Of course,first thing to do is to think Why?Is there a good lesson learn?Is having a field trip knowledgeable and brain boasting? It is right to know the aim before proceeding to a certain task.Does having a field trip affordable or expensive?Then,if it's affordable,why not proceed...most important is, it should be educational and mental enhancing.
It is indicated here the proper use of materials,the 3 Ps' and 1 f. First is Prepare yourself, 2nd is Prepare your student, 3rd is Present the material and lastly is Follow up.
               In preparing ones' self,know the lesson objective and learn what you expect from the class after the session and ask yourself why you have selected such particular instructional material. Plan is important,what kind of questions to ask,how to evaluate learning and how you will tie loose ends before the bell rings.
              In presenting the material,do not be guilty of the R.O.G. syndrome or "running out of gas", this barely means poor planning. Do not practice R.O.G.syndrome for this results to a dull,boring and ineffective ability and skill performance of your students.

              Follow up. Always bear in mind that by setting instructional material you used,it should not be a way of killing your time nor giving yourself a break. Use the instructional for the lesson attainment of a lesson objective. The best thing to do is to follow up to find out if objective was attained or not.                              

LESSON 5- THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE

                          Media and Material are the 2 M's or the elements of this cone of experience.
The Cone of experience is a visual model,a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the bottom of the cone,the more abstract the experience becomes.
                         Dale asserted that "the pattern of arrangement of the bands of experience is not difficulty but degree of abstraction-the amount of immediate sensory participation that is involved. A still photograph of a tree is not more difficult to understand than a dramatization of Hamlet. It is simply in itself a less,concrete teaching material than the dramatization. He further explains that "the individual bands of the Cone of experience stand for experiences that are fluid,extensive and continually interact. it should not be taken literally in its simplest form.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                        This lesson implicates that teachers must used several or different medium to students. It needs adequate foundation of concrete experience before moving to the abstract experience. Edgar Dale's Cone of Experiences is a visual representation of learning resources arranged according to degree of abstractness. The farther you move away from the base of the cone,the more abstract the learning resources becomes.
                      Computer system were not yet a part of educational or home settings. In order for the student to comprehend precisely,never stuck in the concrete,it must be moving to the abstract. in this way,it makes the learner finds easy and quickly concentrate on their penetration which is suitable for their learning process. It could no longer hamper students higher thinking skills. It indicates that teachers must use different or several combination,examples of a learning resources before proceeding to the abstract.

                     Learning here is a cycle. It might be from the concrete to the abstract,from the abstract to the concrete and vise versa.           

LESSON 4- SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO TEACHING

                         In this lesson,the focus of systematic instructional planning is the learner. This focus and considers the learners' needs,interests and readiness. The teacher selects the appropriate teaching methods to be used and chooses also the appropriate learning experiences and appropriate materials,equipment and facilities. Appropriate personnel is needed to assist the teacher in the preparation setting and returning the learning resources after being used.In some school,a custodian or librarian takes care of the learning resources or a technician who operate the equipment while teacher facilitates. The effectiveness of a teacher depends on her/his expertise.
                         The system approach contains the entire educational program as a system of closely interrelated parts. It is a whole...The purpose of a system instructional design is "to ensure orderly relationships and interaction of human,technical and environmental resources to fulfill the goals which have been established for instruction.


INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                        The learner is the focus of systematic instructional planning. Firstly,definition of instructional objectives including the learner's needs,interests and readiness. The teacher must be the one selects the appropriate teaching methods to be used,chooses the appropriate learning experiences and appropriate materials,equipment and facilities. Assigned personnel from a teachers' choice assist in the preparation,setting and returning of the learning resources.
                      Expertise of the teacher includes the motivation level of responsiveness,involvement of the learners in the learning process results to a good outcome which concluded to its high level of effectiveness...With his/her expertise upon instructional objectives,the teacher implements planned instruction with the use of the selected method,learning activities and learning materials with the help of other personnel.
                     After instruction,teacher evaluates the outcome of instruction. He/She is responsible to evaluate students whether instructional objective was attained or not. If the instructional objective was attained,teacher proceeds to the next lesson. If instructional objective was not attained,then the teacher diagnoses what was not learned and finds out why in order to introduce a remedial measure for improvement of the students performance. In this case,no learners will be left behind.
                   This lesson shows the entire educational program. This is a learning pattern absolutely integrated into the whole-in the school. There are a lot of elements or factors that teachers had to take into consideration-learners' needs,entry knowledge and skills,interests,home background,prior experiences,developmental stage,nature and the like.

                   In other words,teachers had a kind senses. He/She must have a feeling of concern towards students. Students also must be open-minded,liberates herself upon saying the degree of their weakness so that teachers is aware and curious to student who did not able to attain the lesson so that he/she will find any remedy for the weak or slow learners. Both the teacher and the student must be open-minded.      

LESSON 3- THE ROLES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING

                 Technology can play a traditional role or in a constructivist way as partners in the learning process. In the traditional way,the learner learns from the technology and the technology serves as a teacher. In other words,the learner learns the content presented by the technology in the same way that the learner learns knowledge presented by the teacher.In the Constructivist way,technology helps the learner build more meaningful personal interpretations of life. It is a learning tool to learn with,not from. It makes the learner gather,think,analyze,synthesize information and construct meaning with what technology presents. It serves as a medium in representing what the learner knows and what he/she is learning.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                 In a traditional way,technology serves as source and presenter of knowledge. Knowledge is embedded in the technology.Example film showing,TV programs or the teaching sequence in programmed instruction. Computers as a productivity tool known for its popularity of word processing,databases,spreadsheets,graphic programs and desktop publishing in 1980's plays a productive role of technology in the classroom. In the mid 90's internet evolves,communications and multimedia have contributed the role of technology in the classroom.
                 Technology serves as tools to support knowledge for representing learners ideas,understandings and beliefs. It serves as information vehicles for exploring knowledge to support learning-by-constructing. It is a social medium to support learning by conversing for collaborating with others.
                 In a constructivist point of view,educational technology serves as learning tools that learners learn with. It engages learners in active,constructive,intentional,authentic and cooperative learning. It is both the technology and a learner interaction. Technology here will not be a mere vehicle for content.
                For me,whether it is traditional or constructivist point of view,it will not only increases students learning,understanding and achievement but also augments motivation to learn,encourages collaborative learning and supports the development of critical thinking and problem-solving-skills if used effectively.
                Therefore,the use of of technology in the classroom enables the teacher to do differentiated instruction considering the differences of students' readiness levels,interests,multiple intelligencies and learning styles. It can help learners become lifelong learners.
                Moreover,Technology serves as the driving vehicle that let students convinced to ride and study the driving process so that it can move,run and filled in.
               However,it says younger teachers are better than the older teachers when it comes to the most recent technology like the computer. The younger teacher was blessed with basic computer courses in their college curriculum. but if older teachers would like to learn about computers,thay have to practice and practice until they learn. It is part of professional development to become a "digital native" and not a "digital immigrant". It is good to become a "netizen" or a "screenager" or a "webinars". It is pitiful to know that older teachers mostly have no skills in computer,unless thay give themselves time in learning about computers. So I think younger teachers are blessed and highly proficient compared to the older teachers.              

LESSON 2-TECHNOLOGY: BOON or BANE?

        

                  Technology can be fascinating and mind-boggling in what it can do. It can bring distant places and people together,establishing invisible but powerful connections. It can transform societies,economies and cultures by opening them up to other ideas and other options,raising new expectations and creating new needs. It can release and rechannel previously unknown or wasted energies into more productive endeavors,allowing its users to pursue more creative goals. The pervasiveness of technology has created learning environment we never even imagined just a few decades ago. Learning has no more

 geographic boundaries. It is no longer confined to the school campus.
                   The learner now acquires knowledge anywhere,anytime in the home,in workplaces,in recreation areas,in the streets,the learner has become his/her own investigation seeking knowledge. The teacher is no longer the sole provider of instruction.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                  The teacher must now provide learner centered choices in knowledge acquisition. These choices include the choice of place and time where to access and receive instruction,the choice of learning styles and the choice of channels and delivery systems through which learners gain knowledge. 

Technology can be called boon or bane depending on the ability and dependability of the user.

                  BOON or BLESSING if we use it in the right way,correct usage and correct understanding. With technology,we can do a lot which we could not do then.we will be closer to someone who is far away or miles and miles away through webcam. Cellphones can use especially in emergency,it can saved many human lives because of speedy notifications. By using miltimedia in the classroom,the teaching and learning is exciting,stimulating,refreshing,and engaging. We can watch events,news,wheather telecasts,government updates and news through TV. We can communicate our lovedones in the states by using a Skype or phones. We can send directly good news for niece and nephews achievement in school right away. Teachers can easily discuss lessons and give their examples to students by just searching it through internet by the use of a power point device. Students can readily understood by looking at the computer nor by researching through internet by the use of Google. It makes work easier and convenient,no hassles,no work delay,no stresswork and no worries.

                 Technology contibute much to the improvement of teaching-learning process and to the humanization of life. It is indeed a blessing but when not properly used,it becomes a detriment to instruction and human progress and development.

                BANE or MISERY used wrongly,misuse and abused. If a husband keep on watching TV unmindful of his wife,seeking his attention,of course it can destroy or erode marital relationship. If the students surfs internet for pornographic scenes. When the learner is made to accept as Gospel truth information they get from the internet. When the learner has an uncritical mind on images floating on TV and computer that represent modernity and progress;The TV makes the learner a mere spectator not an active participant in the drama of life. The student get glued to computer-assisted instruction unmindful of the world and so fails to develop the ability to relate to others. If it is used to do character assassination of people whomhe/shr hardly like. Spending most of the time in the classroom or in a workplace texting because of cellphones. Overuse and abuse TV or film viewing as a strategy to kill time.

                The abuse and misuse of the Internet will have far reaching unfavorable effects on moral life.So,for me,technologi is a boon not bane.... 

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LESSON 1 - MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

                             The word "Technology"comes from the Greek word  "techne" which means "craft or art". It refers to the art or craft of responding to our educational needs.

                             Technology is not just machines, It is a planned,systematic method of working to achieve planned outcomes-a process not a product. It refers to any valid and reliable process or procedure that is derived from basic research using the scientific method.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:  

                              Nowadays,Technology is of great importance to human lives. Almost every year,new technology develop and introduce to our society. Without technology,people remain ignorant and old fashioned...

                             By the use of modern technology like computers,TV,videos,cameras,and the like,we can easily do things in an easy way. For instance,in doing a research,we can easily search the assigned topic through computers or internet by using a Google...

                             Through videos,we can easily record programs or any activity by just saving it.Through cameras,we can easily take pictures and then save it for developing as a sort of remembrance or souvenirs.

                             Educational Technology nowadays is highly modernized and socialized. Through advancement of this unique device,people may now acquire more skills and knowledge in a way of surfing the desired topic in the internet. We could no longer stay a long hour in the library doing research nor jotting down or scanning all the necessary books needed in that subject because there is now Internet which makes our work easier and convenient...

                            For me,Educational Technology is very much important,very much needed when it comes to advancement of knowledge. This can be readily understood nor easily stored in mind....easily done and easily caught up as far as skills and learning ability is concern. It is the application of scientific finding in our method,process or procedure of working in the field of education in order to affect learning. It involves theories of teaching and learning procedures.

                            People without education are very poor in society,they are most likely neglected and rejected and even snob especially when it comes to a job hiring. Even going to a mall,they were always belittled by everybody even the cashier and security guards ,sometimes they are strictly prohibited to get inside the mall because of their disheveled face and rugged look. They could hardly look things they wanted to buy because they didn't know how to read the label,they were always descriminated. Mostly were ill-mannered roaming around the street asking and collecting  money from the bypassers and when ignored,they start blowing you or condemning you for not giving them some amount of penny,sometimes they screw you.

                            Uneducated women always got pregnant because they don't have knowledge about birth control. They don't have a thought that being overpopulated would barely affect societies economy. What they only think is just for pleasure and lust. They never care for our government and environment. They are contented on the streets ,contented for starvation and abandonment.

                             Whereas educated individual were known and popular to society,very well-mannered and well-treated nor well-acknowledge,always welcome to social gatherings,competitions and oftentimes invited to some occassion. Educated people already knew what educational technology is ...once a knowledge been acquired to one's mind,it will always a knowledge,it cannot be stolen or taken by anyone...

                             It is right to learn educational technology. Teachers must learn the process or the wholeness of education so that they could barely share knowledge to students.

                             Because of Educational Technology,people were contented,happy and completely stable not only for physical  but also for emotional stability for the coming waves to come...