LESSON-18 ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF AN EDUCATIONAL MEDIA CENTER

                   The EMC or Educational Media Center serves as a vital instrument as well as abasis requirement for quality education by enriching all parts of the school's educational process.
EMC services;
1. Orientation
2. Selection of print and non-print materials
3. Organization of print and non-print materials
4. Curriculum of print and non-print materials
5. Reference
6. Bibliographic Service
7. Media Instruction Program
8. Class Supervised Research
9. Grade Level newspaper
10. Mags-on-wheels
11. Photocopying service
12. Video and Sound Production
13. Multi-media services

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                 EMC is a facility designed for the housing and utilization of all educational media within the school. It renders a quality service for a school. It is a unit in the school that help the school fulfill its mission and realize its vision by living up to the schoo's philosophy and aims.
                For a classroom facilities, it should be designed and provided with essential facilities for effective use of educational media,classroom must equipped for full light conmtrol, electrical outlets, appropriate ventillation and media operation space, classrooms should be equipped with a bulletin board, chalkboard, projection screen, map rails for instructional using media.
               Foe a media program, there must be a clear-cut administration policies in the media program, there must be an adequate source/system of funding, there must be appropriate hiring of media center supervisions, creating and technical personnel,consultants and clerical staff.
               An EMC is a facility of the school system tasked to acquire, maintain, care and promote the full effective use of educational media. It bridges both old and new technologies meant to make learning more effecient and effective. It facilitates and ensures the optimum user of all instructional media. It organizes learning activities for students and teachers alike for them to upgrade and improve on their technology manipulative skills all for the purpose of motivating them to keep on developing their communication, analytical, integrative, creative and collaborative skills for meaningful lifelong learning.

LESSON-17 ASSESSMENT IN A CONSTRUCTIVIST, TECHNOLOGY-SUPPORTED LEARNING

                 It says that some students memorize very much for the test fit their style of test preparation to the kind of test and study only for passing score and a passing grade.
                 Authentic assessment is most appropriate for the constructivist classroom. Authentic assessment measures collective abilities, written and oral expression skills, analytical skills, manipulative skills like computer skills integration, creativity and ability to work collaboratively.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

               Students learned based on the teaching methods that teachers had/have presented nor taught. Students study and learn based on the way they are tested. Assessment should had to influence how and what they learn. They learnes from and with technology in atechnology-supported classroom. Technology serves as a source of information where the students learn from in the same way that the teacher are a source of information.
              In a constructivist classroom, learning transcends memorization of facts. These facts should be put together, form concepts and make meaning out of them. Facts and Concepts interconnect each other to daily life.
             Nowadays,people need to be computer literate and fluent or else we get lost or become helpless.
             By using transparencies and OHP to demonstate the assigned topic/title or by the use of a powerpoint presentation. therefore, learning is active, constructive, intentional, authentic, realistic, reliable, concise and cooperative process. To assess students manipulative skill, conduct a direct assessment with the help of a SCORING RUBRIC.

LESSON-16 USING THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MULTIMEDIA AS A TEACHING-LEARNING STRATEGY

                     This is more on strategy and planning. Before the project starts,create project description and milestones. Put in a nutshell what project is all about.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                   In planning, goals and objectives are always the starting points. Begin by clarifying goals and objectives. From the list of objectives and content found in the K to 12 Curriculum Guide, select which ones will lead themselves to a project-based multimedia learning strategy. Be realistic in the amount of time we have to spend. Students should cooperate in such experiences or even conduct a research to collect information and gather ideas.
                  Field trips,teacher-guided lessons, student research, interviews, observation and questioning are all activities must be dond and observed. Such research involved compelling photographs, quotes, sounds and other media they need to encounter. Allow time for students to present and show off  their hard work. They will be proud of what they have done and they want to share it with others. This will make them a memorable project and make them even more special. Have a school event such as Parents' Night or end-of the quarter activity. Organize an exhibition day or a multimedia project for the semester. Take time to review the ups and down of the project with students and anyone else who participated. Have suggestions for improvement.
                  If a picture is worth a thousand words, follow the steps in a multimedia project lesson plan. Involved these are: Planning, Researching, Organizing, Developing, Communicating and Evaluating. In making a lesson plan or in a lesson planning that teachers do is basically the same with the steps in implementing a multimedia project. 

LESSON-15 PROJECT-BASED LEARNING AND MULTIMEDIA: What it is?

                 We need to make use of a combination of learning resources or media to make our teaching as concrete as we can so abstractions will be clear and meaningful. This is a method of learning that utilizes multimedia,project-based learning.
                 A class that effectively employs project-based multimedia learning is highly animated and actively engaged.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

               Project-based learning and Multimedia adresses the basic knowledge and skills all students are expected to acquire as laid down in the content and performance standards and competencies of the K to 12 basic education curriculum. Every student is absorbed in a task in line with the goals and objectives made clear at the start. Time has wings.Time flies so fast that students don't feel its passing. Teachers does not just stay in front of the class learning. She monitors students as they work. Students consult her for guidance and comments. She does not impose her will on students. She allows students to make decisionsfor themselves. The intellectual powers of the students are very much challenged as they read, research for basic information and as they analyze and organize these bits of information. Much of their technical skills learned from their computer courses and creativity and imagination are demanded when the students produce multimedia presentation by using multimedia produced by others.
              Project-based multimedia learning is a value added in teaching. It is a powerful motivator. Find time to orient the students on what are expected of them, guidelines, goals and objectives of the project and more. These are some limitations in the use of project-based multimedia. One limitation is the need for an extended period of time. Another limitation is the basic computer courses did not teach them the skills demanded by such strategy, there will be a problem. To resort such problem, find time to learn devotely technology. Third limitation is the tendency to lose track of the goals and objectives of the lesson because the technology aspect has gotten the timelight. It does not only involve use of multimedia for learning. Students end up with a multimedia product to show what they learned. The students work collaboratively over an extended time frame.As they work, they employ life skills including decision making. Their learning task ends up with a multimedia presentation through their multimedia product. Be familiar with the computer. Firstly, familiarize its' basic parts, learn how to use it, and learn how to apply it. Be literate, be exposed and be confident in dealing with others. Share knowledge and skills in computer to the illeterate and novice.

LESSON 14- MAXIMIZING THE USE OF THE OVERHEAD PROJECTOR AND THE CHALKBOARD

                          The chalkboard is the old way of teaching the students during 1980s and early 90's.
Reality to a remote areas have no computer,radio,tv but what they have is only tje chalkboard. Teachers wrote clearly & legibly on the board. Other teachers have a hard copy of a chalkboard diagram or outline. Don't crowd notes on the board, overcrowding board work, students may fail to see the ideas. Make use of colored chalk to highlight key points. Do not turn your back to the class while writing on the chalkboard. For the sake of order and clarity, start to write from the left side of the board going right. In teaching grade pupils and if you think the lines on the chalkboard are needed for writing exercise, then provide the lines for your board. Look at board work from all corners of the room to test if pupils from all sides of the room can read your board work. A curtain in a window is used if there is glare on the chalkboard. Write "Please Save" if you need to have a board work in advance or that need to be saved for tommorow's use. Cover it with a curtain.

THE OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

There are other kinds of projectors like opaque projector and slide projector. OHP are available in schools. It has a lot of advantages. It is simple to operate. It is used in the front of the room by the instructor,who has complete control of the sequence,timing,and manipulation of his material.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

              Several school especially in the remote places esp.those who have not reached by electricity, do not have a computer. A few schools may be bountifully blessed with computers and computer-literate teachers. But most pr several schools are not as blessed. There may be at least one computer but teachers may have not been trained to use it. As a result, they resort to the chalkboard which is the most available classroom equipment and the OHP become quitwe popular in schools.
               Of all instructional equipment,the chalkboard is most available. The OHP is another versatile equipment that is most popular today. We need to learn how to use it properly so we can able to realize our instructional objectives. OHP proven to be effective by practitioners. We can save much time when we present our lecture on transparencies instead of writing/drawing naively on the chalkboard. By the use of a photocopier and hard copy, it is easy to prepare notes on transparencies. It is sometimes more accurate than the LCD.
               Having lectures in a certain seminars or orientation is more effective and realistic if the lecturer present it with visuals so that listener or audience will not get dismayed. It finds out boring,dull and sleepy.
                 Teachers of 80's were pitiuful,were not blessed,unfair compared to teachers on contemporary times. Old teachers don't have a computer skill,nor they are bound to be called "zero" computer skills. They only used books,notebooks,paper,ballpen/pencil as their teaching-learning tools. Unlike today,teachers wre so much blessed and bountiful. They were already a computer literate. Students today are more skillful  and accepted computers as everyday tool eapecially in daily assignments pertaining to schools compliances and requirements. Reporting or having a demonstration  can now be easily done by means of using an Overhead Projector device.Today,all things in ralation to teaching-learning process is quite easy,simple,manageable and comfty.

LESSON 13- TEACHING WITH VISUAL SYMBOLS

                     From a real-world experience, we proceed to a world of symbols. In this chapter, a real things or objects cannot be seen, what we can only seen here is only symbols. Visual Symbols include drawings,cartoons,strip drawings,diagrams,formulas,charts,graphs,maps,globes.

                   Graph is easier to understand than the words of a paragraph. A drawing may not be the real thing but better to have a concrete visual aid than nothing. See to it that the drawing correctly represents the real thing.

                      Another useful visual symbol that can bring novelty to our teaching is the cartoon. A first-rate cartoon tells its story metaphorically. The perfect cartoon needs no caption. The less the artist depends on words, the more effective the symbolism. The symbolism conveys the message.

                       Strip drawings are commonly called comics or comic strip. These can serve as motivation and starter of the lesson. It can also be given as an activity for students to express insights gained at the conclusion of a lesson. We can obtain strip drawings from newspapers,magazines and books.

                       Diagrams is any line drawing that shows arrangement and relations as of parts to the whole,relative values,origins and development,chronological fluctuations,distribution.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION: 

                          A graph is "worth a thousand words". A graph and any visual symbols such as drawings,cartoons,strip drawings,diagrams and maps are worth a thousand words. They are more clearly understood than mere words. Pictures,slides,handouts,videos,mock ups,models,computer projections are visuals.

                         Like a picture, a graph and all other visual symbols, are worth a thousand words. The proper use of visual symbols will contribute to optimum learning. Be skilled in making visual symbol, It may be in a drawing form,cartoons,strip drawing (comic strip),diagram,map,chart,graph. Be resourceful and creative in the collection,preparation and use of the various visual symbols. Used it in different ways and in different phases of the lesson depending on your purpose. Using only one visual symbol for every lesson will keep learners active,attentive,and cooperative and keep teaching crispy & fresh. Only that this requires more preparation & more learning on our side/ part. Learn how to draw,sketch,make diagrams,graphs and charts. Teachers must be vulnerable in any aspects. Teachers must be creative,innovative,intelligent,stylish,enthusiastic and very loving to students They must be a skilled resourceful individual. Patience and Perseverance are the ultimate qualities of a good teacher. Teachers indeed are vulnerable in any ways.

                    

                     

     

CHAPTER 12- THE POWER OF FILM,VIDEO and TV in the CLASSROOM

                      Educational tools like visual media,film,video and television were considered as high potential impact. They are now more accessible and less cumbersome to use.
                      The VCR (Video Casette Recorder) gave us flexibility. We could watch the 1st twenty mins., stop the tape and discuss elements for introduction,mood,suspense and characterization-and view it again.
                      Dale says the film,video and tv transmit a wide range of audio-visual materials, stiil pictures, films,objects, specimens and drama,bring models of excellence to the viewers, bring the world of reality to the home and to the classroom through a "live" broadcast or as mediated through film or videotape, Make us see and hear for ourselves world events as they happen, make some programs understandable and appealing to a wide variety of age and educational levels, become a great equalizer of educational opportunity beacause programs can be presented over national and regional networks, provide us with sounds and sights not easily available even to the viewer of a real event through long shots, close ups, zoom shots, magnification & split screen made possible by the tv camera, can give opportunity to teachers to view themselves while they teach for purposes of self-improvement, can be both instructive and enjoyable-with sight and sounds and motion, tv is much more enjoyable.


INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

 

                      The film, video and tv are powerful instructional tools. Teaching-Learning process become more concrete,lively,colorful & interactive if they are used appropriately and moderately. It adds to a more lasting learning because of its visual, audio and motion effects. These effects make learning fun and enjoyable. Moreover, misuse and abuse of these tools in the classroom and even at home has a negative effect or leads to a damaging effects in the development of learner or childrens' imaginative and thinking powers and sensitivity to human life. The most known weakness of the tv is the effect of tv violence on peoples' aggressive behavior. The effect of tv depends on how it is used. It can give a more accurate, more lively & more colorful presentation of a difficult topic in physics for example the one who teaches the topic is inexperienced & can only make use of still pictures in black and white as visual aid. There are educational benefits of the use of the tv but when used excessively, it can impair & destruct the development of children's ability to visualize, to be creative and imaginative. Never expose children on TV violence. The violence effect on media results to a bigger aggression than the effect of exposure to lead on IQ ability in children, the effect of calcium intake on bone mass, or the effect of homework on academic achievement, or the effect of asbestos ( cancer) exposure on cancer. Cause of high rate of violence is the high exposure to media violence.

                          Use the TV appropriately & moderately. Accompany your children in watching TV so that you can expalin clearly nor correct them when there is something negative shown on screen. Try to explain to them the advantage and disadvantage on tv and advice them what is necessarily right and avoid or evade doing the bad show; never imitate the bad ones on tv. Try to give advises to your children not to stick or glued on tv; to mind them also their assignments in school or even household chores. Never leave children esp. the most young ones alone on tv, it needs parental guidance.

CHAPTER 11- MAKING THE MOST OF COMMUNITY RESOURCES AND FIELD TRIPS

Planning a field trip includes the following steps;
1.Preliminary planning by the teacher
2.Preplanning with others going on the trip
3.Taking the field trip itself
4.Post-field trip follow up activities

                            Field Trips bring us to the world beyond the classroom. The real world connection is more work but the benefits of broadening teaching beyond textbooks far outweigh the little bit of time it takes from a teacher's schedule.
Disadvantages of field trips are;
1.It is costly
2.It involves logistics
3.It is extravagant with time and contains an element of uncertainty.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                             Field Trips connect people. People involved are students,teachers,parents,school head. Resource persons in the community are brought to the school as key informants in an interview by children or as lecturers. Opening school doors to parents,officials,and other members of the community are rich learning resources.
                             Although field trips are expensive but considering the intensity and the extent of concrete experiences, students and teachers were encouraged to use them. Preparation and Planning for the field trip also includes discussions and decisions on what to do before the field trip, during the field trip, and after the field trip.
                            Field Trip is fun and educational. Field Trips are opportunities for rich and memorable experiences which are fundamental to learning that lasts. It is not only meant for the social science subjects. It is for all other subjects as well. It can bring about a lot of realizations which may lead to changes in attitudes ani insights. The field trip can nurture curiousity; build a zest for new experience, and a sense of wonder.
                           But there are also disadvantages in a field trip. One is it is costly, it involves logistics, it is extravagant with time and contains an element of uncertainty.Field trip is good if it's for educational and knowledgeable, but bane if it's use for pleasure and fun...     

LESSON -10 DEMONSTRATIONS IN TEACHING

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                     Demonstrations is very handy. It requires no elaborative preparation and yet as effective as the other instructional materials when done properly. Guiding Principles in using a demonstration as a teaching-learning experience:

1.Establish rapport- Great the audience. Make them feel at ease by your warmth and sincerity. Stimulate their interest by making your demonstration and yourself interesting. Sustain their attention.
2.Avoid the COIK fallacy (Clear Only If Known)- It is the assumption that what is clear to the expert demonstrator is also clearly known to the person for whom the message is intended. To avoid the fallacy, it is best for the expert demonstrator to assume that his audience knows nothing or a little about what he is intending to demonstrate for him to be very thorough,clear and detailed in his demo even to a point of facing the risk of being repetitive.
3.Watch for key points- The ones @ which an error is likely to be made, the places @ which many people stumble and where the knacks & tricks of the trade are esp.important

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                       Field Trips connect people. People involved are students, teachers, parents, school head. Resource persons in the community are brought to the school as key information in an interview by children or as lecturers. Opening school doors to parents, officials & other members of the community are rich learning resources.
                       Although field trips are extensive but considering the intensity and the extent of concrete experiences, students and teachers were encouraged to use them. Preparation and Planning for the field trip also includes discussions and decisions on what to do before the field trip, during the field trip and after the field trip.
                       Field Trip is fun and educational. Field trips are opportunities for rich and memorable experiences which are fundamental to learning that lasts. It is not only meant for the social science subjects. It is for all other subjects as well. It can bring about a lot of realizations which may lead to changes in attitudes and insights. The field trip can nurture curiosity; build a zest for new experience, and a sense of wonder.
                      But there are also disadvantages in a field trip. One is it is costly, it involves logistics, it is extravagant with time and contains an element of uncertainty.
         

LESSON 9-TEACHING WITH DRAMATIZED EXPERIENCES

                  Something dramatic is something that is stirring or affecting or moving.Dramatic experiences range from the formal plays,pageants to less formal tableau,pantomime,puppets and role-playing.

                   Plays depict life,character or culture or a combination of all three.It portrays vividly important ideas about life.

                   Pageants are usually commonly dramas that are based on local history presented by local actors.

                   Play and Pantomimes requires much time in preparation and so it cannot be part of everyday classroom pictures.

                   Pantomime and Tableaux are less demanding in terms of labor,time and preparation.These are all visual experiences.

                   A Pantomime is the art of conveying a story through bodily movements only.It's effect on the audience depends on the movements of he actors.

                   A tableau is a picture like scene composed of people against a background.It is often used to celebrate Independence day,Christmas and UN.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:
                   Dramatic experiences give students' multiple intelligencies.Such experiences are plays,pageants,pantomimes,tableaus,puppets,and role-playing.Musical Intelligence is musical when accompanied by a music.These cannot be done alone.It needs a companion.Intelligent students have no difficulty relating and working with people.Role-Playing is the most effective in the affective domain.
                   Learning should be fast,absorbed and enhancing if accompanied by a certain dramatic experiences such as role-playing.
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LESSON 8- TEACHING WITH CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES

 

                         If direct experiences cannot employ as materials for instruction,a contrived experience is used. Under these contrived experiences are te model of the atom,the globe,the planetarium the simulated election process and the preserved specimen. This is the second band of experiences in Dale's Cone of Experience. These are edited copies of reality used as substitutes for real thing in the classroom.

                         Models such as atom,the planetarium. A model is a reproduction of a real thing in a small scale or large scale or exact size but made of synthetic material. It is a substitute for a real thing which may or may not be operational.

                         Mock up such as the planetarium,It is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices. A mock up is a special model.

                         Preserved Specimens are specimens and objects.Specimen is any individual or item considered typical of a group,class or whole.

                         Simulation such as school election process.It is a representation of a manageable real event in which the learner is an active participant engaged in learning a behavior or in applying previously acquired skills or knowledge.

                         Game is another example of contrived experiences.Games are played to win while simulations need not have a winner.

INSIGHTS:

                  Contrived Experiences is used in the absence of direct experiences as materials for instruction.We make use of this contrived materials to overcome limitations of space and time,to edit reality for us to be able to focus on parts or a process of a system that we intend to study,to overcome difficulties of size,to understand the inaccessible,to help the learners understand abstractions.While we use simulations and games to make classes interactive and to develop the decision making skills and knowledge construction skills of students.
                  Learning should be more enhancing if there is simulations,mock ups and games used.

LESSON 7- DIRECT,PURPOSEFUL EXPERIENCES AND BEYOND

Direct Purposeful Experiences is the instructional material here...

INSIGHTS:

                    This entails us that whatever kinds of technology,we don't know how to use,how to operate or how does it benefitted to mankind. We couldn't be able to know a certain device if we don't give ourselves a try. If we are always depending on others who is expert for a particular thing,then,we will remain unskilled and novice. But if you give time to yourself practicing and exploring a certain thing.it will eventually develop. Skills in a certain thing will be eventually develop until mastery achieved.

                     There is a saying that goes "Constant Practice Makes Perfect". Just keep on practicing,keep on surfing until mastery acquired. You can learned by doing. It is a natural thing to experience that you learn from your mistake and correct it if possible. The concept of positive and negative discrimination indices became fully understood only after the actual experience of item analysis. All these things or experiences needs to use,whatever we can,direct,purposeful experiences in the teaching-learning process.
                     This is said to be purposeful because the experiences are not purely mechanical. These are experiences that involve asking questions that have significance in the life of the person. These experiences undergone in relation to a purpose by learning. This means that this must not be the period or the dead end. This is more of hands-on,minds on and hearts on approach. This means that thoughts or meanings following reflection run the risk of a lesson,direct experience should be more knowledgeable and effective.
                      This implicates that we give students or fill in their minds in a way of learning by doing.Give them outside activities.        
       
          

LESSON 6- USING AND EVALUATING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

                  Field Trip is one of the instructional materials used to attain instructional objectives. It is not enough to bring the class out for a field trip and make them observe anything or everything or use other instructional materials for no preparation and clear reason at all. The materials used must have a true picture of the ideas presented. The material must have a meaningful content of the topic study. The material must be alligned to the curriculum standards and competencies. The material must be culture and grades must be sensitive. The material must have culture bias. The material must be appropriate for the age,intelligence and experience of the learners. The physical condition of the material must be satisfactory. There is a teacher's guide to provide a briefing for effective use. There must be a question material to help students think better and develop their critical faculties. Exposure to mass media is highly important to maintain and strengthen rational powers. The use of material should be make of help to collaborate with one another. The material must have promote self-study. The material should be time worthy,expense and effortly involve.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                This lesson is more comprehinsible. Since it involve materials,how to evaluate instructional materials. Teachers must have a good idea of their objectives so that they can set effective materials to be presented to the class so that students learned more skills or knowledge pertaining to the topic or lesson. For instance,doing a class field trip is not as easy and quick step to come forward. Of course,first thing to do is to think Why?Is there a good lesson learn?Is having a field trip knowledgeable and brain boasting? It is right to know the aim before proceeding to a certain task.Does having a field trip affordable or expensive?Then,if it's affordable,why not proceed...most important is, it should be educational and mental enhancing.
It is indicated here the proper use of materials,the 3 Ps' and 1 f. First is Prepare yourself, 2nd is Prepare your student, 3rd is Present the material and lastly is Follow up.
               In preparing ones' self,know the lesson objective and learn what you expect from the class after the session and ask yourself why you have selected such particular instructional material. Plan is important,what kind of questions to ask,how to evaluate learning and how you will tie loose ends before the bell rings.
              In presenting the material,do not be guilty of the R.O.G. syndrome or "running out of gas", this barely means poor planning. Do not practice R.O.G.syndrome for this results to a dull,boring and ineffective ability and skill performance of your students.

              Follow up. Always bear in mind that by setting instructional material you used,it should not be a way of killing your time nor giving yourself a break. Use the instructional for the lesson attainment of a lesson objective. The best thing to do is to follow up to find out if objective was attained or not.                              

LESSON 5- THE CONE OF EXPERIENCE

                          Media and Material are the 2 M's or the elements of this cone of experience.
The Cone of experience is a visual model,a pictorial device that presents bands of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the bottom of the cone,the more abstract the experience becomes.
                         Dale asserted that "the pattern of arrangement of the bands of experience is not difficulty but degree of abstraction-the amount of immediate sensory participation that is involved. A still photograph of a tree is not more difficult to understand than a dramatization of Hamlet. It is simply in itself a less,concrete teaching material than the dramatization. He further explains that "the individual bands of the Cone of experience stand for experiences that are fluid,extensive and continually interact. it should not be taken literally in its simplest form.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                        This lesson implicates that teachers must used several or different medium to students. It needs adequate foundation of concrete experience before moving to the abstract experience. Edgar Dale's Cone of Experiences is a visual representation of learning resources arranged according to degree of abstractness. The farther you move away from the base of the cone,the more abstract the learning resources becomes.
                      Computer system were not yet a part of educational or home settings. In order for the student to comprehend precisely,never stuck in the concrete,it must be moving to the abstract. in this way,it makes the learner finds easy and quickly concentrate on their penetration which is suitable for their learning process. It could no longer hamper students higher thinking skills. It indicates that teachers must use different or several combination,examples of a learning resources before proceeding to the abstract.

                     Learning here is a cycle. It might be from the concrete to the abstract,from the abstract to the concrete and vise versa.           

LESSON 4- SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO TEACHING

                         In this lesson,the focus of systematic instructional planning is the learner. This focus and considers the learners' needs,interests and readiness. The teacher selects the appropriate teaching methods to be used and chooses also the appropriate learning experiences and appropriate materials,equipment and facilities. Appropriate personnel is needed to assist the teacher in the preparation setting and returning the learning resources after being used.In some school,a custodian or librarian takes care of the learning resources or a technician who operate the equipment while teacher facilitates. The effectiveness of a teacher depends on her/his expertise.
                         The system approach contains the entire educational program as a system of closely interrelated parts. It is a whole...The purpose of a system instructional design is "to ensure orderly relationships and interaction of human,technical and environmental resources to fulfill the goals which have been established for instruction.


INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                        The learner is the focus of systematic instructional planning. Firstly,definition of instructional objectives including the learner's needs,interests and readiness. The teacher must be the one selects the appropriate teaching methods to be used,chooses the appropriate learning experiences and appropriate materials,equipment and facilities. Assigned personnel from a teachers' choice assist in the preparation,setting and returning of the learning resources.
                      Expertise of the teacher includes the motivation level of responsiveness,involvement of the learners in the learning process results to a good outcome which concluded to its high level of effectiveness...With his/her expertise upon instructional objectives,the teacher implements planned instruction with the use of the selected method,learning activities and learning materials with the help of other personnel.
                     After instruction,teacher evaluates the outcome of instruction. He/She is responsible to evaluate students whether instructional objective was attained or not. If the instructional objective was attained,teacher proceeds to the next lesson. If instructional objective was not attained,then the teacher diagnoses what was not learned and finds out why in order to introduce a remedial measure for improvement of the students performance. In this case,no learners will be left behind.
                   This lesson shows the entire educational program. This is a learning pattern absolutely integrated into the whole-in the school. There are a lot of elements or factors that teachers had to take into consideration-learners' needs,entry knowledge and skills,interests,home background,prior experiences,developmental stage,nature and the like.

                   In other words,teachers had a kind senses. He/She must have a feeling of concern towards students. Students also must be open-minded,liberates herself upon saying the degree of their weakness so that teachers is aware and curious to student who did not able to attain the lesson so that he/she will find any remedy for the weak or slow learners. Both the teacher and the student must be open-minded.      

LESSON 3- THE ROLES OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN LEARNING

                 Technology can play a traditional role or in a constructivist way as partners in the learning process. In the traditional way,the learner learns from the technology and the technology serves as a teacher. In other words,the learner learns the content presented by the technology in the same way that the learner learns knowledge presented by the teacher.In the Constructivist way,technology helps the learner build more meaningful personal interpretations of life. It is a learning tool to learn with,not from. It makes the learner gather,think,analyze,synthesize information and construct meaning with what technology presents. It serves as a medium in representing what the learner knows and what he/she is learning.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                 In a traditional way,technology serves as source and presenter of knowledge. Knowledge is embedded in the technology.Example film showing,TV programs or the teaching sequence in programmed instruction. Computers as a productivity tool known for its popularity of word processing,databases,spreadsheets,graphic programs and desktop publishing in 1980's plays a productive role of technology in the classroom. In the mid 90's internet evolves,communications and multimedia have contributed the role of technology in the classroom.
                 Technology serves as tools to support knowledge for representing learners ideas,understandings and beliefs. It serves as information vehicles for exploring knowledge to support learning-by-constructing. It is a social medium to support learning by conversing for collaborating with others.
                 In a constructivist point of view,educational technology serves as learning tools that learners learn with. It engages learners in active,constructive,intentional,authentic and cooperative learning. It is both the technology and a learner interaction. Technology here will not be a mere vehicle for content.
                For me,whether it is traditional or constructivist point of view,it will not only increases students learning,understanding and achievement but also augments motivation to learn,encourages collaborative learning and supports the development of critical thinking and problem-solving-skills if used effectively.
                Therefore,the use of of technology in the classroom enables the teacher to do differentiated instruction considering the differences of students' readiness levels,interests,multiple intelligencies and learning styles. It can help learners become lifelong learners.
                Moreover,Technology serves as the driving vehicle that let students convinced to ride and study the driving process so that it can move,run and filled in.
               However,it says younger teachers are better than the older teachers when it comes to the most recent technology like the computer. The younger teacher was blessed with basic computer courses in their college curriculum. but if older teachers would like to learn about computers,thay have to practice and practice until they learn. It is part of professional development to become a "digital native" and not a "digital immigrant". It is good to become a "netizen" or a "screenager" or a "webinars". It is pitiful to know that older teachers mostly have no skills in computer,unless thay give themselves time in learning about computers. So I think younger teachers are blessed and highly proficient compared to the older teachers.              

LESSON 2-TECHNOLOGY: BOON or BANE?

        

                  Technology can be fascinating and mind-boggling in what it can do. It can bring distant places and people together,establishing invisible but powerful connections. It can transform societies,economies and cultures by opening them up to other ideas and other options,raising new expectations and creating new needs. It can release and rechannel previously unknown or wasted energies into more productive endeavors,allowing its users to pursue more creative goals. The pervasiveness of technology has created learning environment we never even imagined just a few decades ago. Learning has no more

 geographic boundaries. It is no longer confined to the school campus.
                   The learner now acquires knowledge anywhere,anytime in the home,in workplaces,in recreation areas,in the streets,the learner has become his/her own investigation seeking knowledge. The teacher is no longer the sole provider of instruction.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:

                  The teacher must now provide learner centered choices in knowledge acquisition. These choices include the choice of place and time where to access and receive instruction,the choice of learning styles and the choice of channels and delivery systems through which learners gain knowledge. 

Technology can be called boon or bane depending on the ability and dependability of the user.

                  BOON or BLESSING if we use it in the right way,correct usage and correct understanding. With technology,we can do a lot which we could not do then.we will be closer to someone who is far away or miles and miles away through webcam. Cellphones can use especially in emergency,it can saved many human lives because of speedy notifications. By using miltimedia in the classroom,the teaching and learning is exciting,stimulating,refreshing,and engaging. We can watch events,news,wheather telecasts,government updates and news through TV. We can communicate our lovedones in the states by using a Skype or phones. We can send directly good news for niece and nephews achievement in school right away. Teachers can easily discuss lessons and give their examples to students by just searching it through internet by the use of a power point device. Students can readily understood by looking at the computer nor by researching through internet by the use of Google. It makes work easier and convenient,no hassles,no work delay,no stresswork and no worries.

                 Technology contibute much to the improvement of teaching-learning process and to the humanization of life. It is indeed a blessing but when not properly used,it becomes a detriment to instruction and human progress and development.

                BANE or MISERY used wrongly,misuse and abused. If a husband keep on watching TV unmindful of his wife,seeking his attention,of course it can destroy or erode marital relationship. If the students surfs internet for pornographic scenes. When the learner is made to accept as Gospel truth information they get from the internet. When the learner has an uncritical mind on images floating on TV and computer that represent modernity and progress;The TV makes the learner a mere spectator not an active participant in the drama of life. The student get glued to computer-assisted instruction unmindful of the world and so fails to develop the ability to relate to others. If it is used to do character assassination of people whomhe/shr hardly like. Spending most of the time in the classroom or in a workplace texting because of cellphones. Overuse and abuse TV or film viewing as a strategy to kill time.

                The abuse and misuse of the Internet will have far reaching unfavorable effects on moral life.So,for me,technologi is a boon not bane.... 

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LESSON 1 - MEANING OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

                             The word "Technology"comes from the Greek word  "techne" which means "craft or art". It refers to the art or craft of responding to our educational needs.

                             Technology is not just machines, It is a planned,systematic method of working to achieve planned outcomes-a process not a product. It refers to any valid and reliable process or procedure that is derived from basic research using the scientific method.

INSIGHTS AND REACTION:  

                              Nowadays,Technology is of great importance to human lives. Almost every year,new technology develop and introduce to our society. Without technology,people remain ignorant and old fashioned...

                             By the use of modern technology like computers,TV,videos,cameras,and the like,we can easily do things in an easy way. For instance,in doing a research,we can easily search the assigned topic through computers or internet by using a Google...

                             Through videos,we can easily record programs or any activity by just saving it.Through cameras,we can easily take pictures and then save it for developing as a sort of remembrance or souvenirs.

                             Educational Technology nowadays is highly modernized and socialized. Through advancement of this unique device,people may now acquire more skills and knowledge in a way of surfing the desired topic in the internet. We could no longer stay a long hour in the library doing research nor jotting down or scanning all the necessary books needed in that subject because there is now Internet which makes our work easier and convenient...

                            For me,Educational Technology is very much important,very much needed when it comes to advancement of knowledge. This can be readily understood nor easily stored in mind....easily done and easily caught up as far as skills and learning ability is concern. It is the application of scientific finding in our method,process or procedure of working in the field of education in order to affect learning. It involves theories of teaching and learning procedures.

                            People without education are very poor in society,they are most likely neglected and rejected and even snob especially when it comes to a job hiring. Even going to a mall,they were always belittled by everybody even the cashier and security guards ,sometimes they are strictly prohibited to get inside the mall because of their disheveled face and rugged look. They could hardly look things they wanted to buy because they didn't know how to read the label,they were always descriminated. Mostly were ill-mannered roaming around the street asking and collecting  money from the bypassers and when ignored,they start blowing you or condemning you for not giving them some amount of penny,sometimes they screw you.

                            Uneducated women always got pregnant because they don't have knowledge about birth control. They don't have a thought that being overpopulated would barely affect societies economy. What they only think is just for pleasure and lust. They never care for our government and environment. They are contented on the streets ,contented for starvation and abandonment.

                             Whereas educated individual were known and popular to society,very well-mannered and well-treated nor well-acknowledge,always welcome to social gatherings,competitions and oftentimes invited to some occassion. Educated people already knew what educational technology is ...once a knowledge been acquired to one's mind,it will always a knowledge,it cannot be stolen or taken by anyone...

                             It is right to learn educational technology. Teachers must learn the process or the wholeness of education so that they could barely share knowledge to students.

                             Because of Educational Technology,people were contented,happy and completely stable not only for physical  but also for emotional stability for the coming waves to come...