If direct experiences cannot employ as materials for instruction,a contrived experience is used. Under these contrived experiences are te model of the atom,the globe,the planetarium the simulated election process and the preserved specimen. This is the second band of experiences in Dale's Cone of Experience. These are edited copies of reality used as substitutes for real thing in the classroom.
Models such as atom,the planetarium. A model is a reproduction of a real thing in a small scale or large scale or exact size but made of synthetic material. It is a substitute for a real thing which may or may not be operational.
Mock up such as the planetarium,It is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices. A mock up is a special model.
Preserved Specimens are specimens and objects.Specimen is any individual or item considered typical of a group,class or whole.
Simulation such as school election process.It is a representation of a manageable real event in which the learner is an active participant engaged in learning a behavior or in applying previously acquired skills or knowledge.
Game is another example of contrived experiences.Games are played to win while simulations need not have a winner.
INSIGHTS:
Contrived Experiences is used in the absence of direct experiences as materials for instruction.We make use of this contrived materials to overcome limitations of space and time,to edit reality for us to be able to focus on parts or a process of a system that we intend to study,to overcome difficulties of size,to understand the inaccessible,to help the learners understand abstractions.While we use simulations and games to make classes interactive and to develop the decision making skills and knowledge construction skills of students.
Learning should be more enhancing if there is simulations,mock ups and games used.
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